Reliable estimates of the number and characteristics of Iowa families and children were difficult to find for 2005. The primary resource for demographic information is the U.S. Decennial Census, which was last conducted in 2000, and is not scheduled to take place again until 2010. For the 2000 Iowa Household Health Survey, the Census had just been completed, so there was a relatively precise count of children in Iowa. Current sources of estimates of the number of children in Iowa all show a decline in the population of children from 2000, but there is variation in the estimates concerning the magnitude of the decline. As Table 1 indicates, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates from the Current Population Estimates (CPE) show an 8.6% decline in the number of children ages 0-19 in Iowa. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates from the American Community Survey (ACS) show an 11.2% decline during this time period. Table 2 presents data from the Iowa Department of Education indicating a 4.2% decline in students in grades K-12 between the 1999-2000 school year and the 2005-2006 school year. It is interesting to note that the number of births in Iowa have increased during this time period. Current estimates show the Iowa child population is somewhere between 735,637 (ACS) and 764,860 (CPE).[1]